---
id: 1912
title: "Formal Analysis of the CBC Casper Consensus Algorithm with TLA+"
source_domain: blog.trailofbits.com
source_url: "https://blog.trailofbits.com/2019/10/25/formal-analysis-of-the-cbc-casper-consensus-algorithm-with-tla/"
published_at: "2019-10-25T11:00:56Z"
tags: ["blockchain", "formal-verification", "ethereum", "consensus", "tla-plus", "byzantine-fault-tolerance"]
phying_url: "https://phying.com/item/1912"
lang: en
---

# Formal Analysis of the CBC Casper Consensus Algorithm with TLA+

## Summary

A Trail of Bits intern formalized Ethereum's CBC Casper binary consensus protocol in TLA+/PlusCal, confirming finality requires a Byzantine fault threshold under one-third of validator weight.

## Intelligence Metadata

- **Sources:** blog.trailofbits.com
- **Published:** 2019-10-25T11:00:56Z
- **Original:** https://blog.trailofbits.com/2019/10/25/formal-analysis-of-the-cbc-casper-consensus-algorithm-with-tla/
- **Phying News:** https://phying.com/item/1912