Azure SAS Tokens for Web Application Penetration Testers

Karl Fosaaen explores anonymous enumeration of Azure blob storage, explaining container access policies and releasing tooling to find publicly exposed blobs holding configs, backups, and credentials.

Outlines five cloud security challenges—shadow IT, attacker-defender resource asymmetry, catastrophic misconfigurations—and argues purpose-built cloud penetration testing is the way to address them.

Gartner attributes up to 95% of cloud breaches to human configuration errors; NetSPI catalogs usual suspects like missing MFA, cloud-on-prem integration, and over-permissioned accounts.

Karl Fosaaen starts an Azure Automation series, showing how runbook permissions allow attackers to export RunAs certificates and credentials for maintaining privileged access to Azure subscriptions.

Karl Fosaaen shows how Azure Contributor rights enable VM command execution as SYSTEM via Invoke-AzureRmVMRunCommand without opening firewall ports, scaling PowerShell across subscription VMs.

Karl Fosaaen releases a script for anonymous Azure service enumeration, brute forcing DNS across azurewebsites.net, cloudapp.net, and blob.core.windows.net to map a target's public Azure footprint.